Format-Based
Adaptation Articles
Home-Based Interventions
Home-Based vs. Clinic-Based Parent-Child Interaction Therapy: Comparative Effectiveness in the Context of Dissemination and Implementation (abstract)
Fowles, T. R., Masse, J. J., McGoron, L., Beveridge, R. M., Williamson, A. A., Smith, M. A., & Parrish, B. P. (2018)
Cost-Effectiveness of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy in Clinics versus Homes: Client, Provider, Administrator, and Overall Perspectives (abstract)
French, A. N., Yates, B. T., & Fowles, T. R. (2018).
Home-based preventive parenting intervention for at-risk infants and their families: An open trial (abstract)
Bagner, D. M., Rodríguez, G. M., Blake, C. A., & Rosa-Olivares, J. (2013)
Effectiveness of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy delivered to at-risk families in the home setting (abstract)
Galanter, R., Self-Brown, S., Valente, J. R., Dorsey, S., Whitaker, D. J., Bertuglia-Haley, M., & Prieto, M. (2012)
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy in a community setting: Examining outcomes, attrition, and treatment setting (abstract)
Lanier, P., Kohl, P. L., Benz, J., Swinger, D., Moussette, P., & Drake, B. (2011)
Efficacy of adjunct in-home coaching to improve outcomes in Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (abstract)
Timmer, S. G., Zebell, N. M., Culver, M. A., & Urquiza, A. J. (2009)
Efficacy of in-home Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (abstract)
Ware, L. M., McNeil, C. B., Masse, J., & Stevens, S. (2008)
In-home Parent-Child Interaction Therapy: Clinical considerations (abstract)
Masse, J. J., & McNeil, C. B. (2008)
Telehealth Services (iPCIT)
Internet‐delivered parent–child interaction therapy: Two clinical case reports (abstract)
Kohlhoff, J., Wallace, N., Morgan, S., Maiuolo, M., & Turnell, A. (2019).
Remotely Delivering Real-Time Parent Training to the Home: An Initial Randomized Trial of Internet-Delivered Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (I-PCIT) (abstract)
Comer, J. S., Furr, J. M., Miguel, E. M., Carpenter, A. L., Kerns, C. E., DeSerisy, M., Myers, K. M., Cooper-Vince, C. E., Elkins, R. M., Cornacchio, D., Chou, T., Coxe, S., Sanchez, A. L., Golik, A., Martin, J., & Chase, R. (2017).
Adapting internet-delivered Parent-Child Interaction Therapy to treat co-occurring disruptive behavior and callous-unemotional traits: A case study (abstract)
Fleming, G. E., Kimonis, E. R., Datyner, A., & Comer, J. S. (2017)
Rationale and considerations for the internet-based delivery of Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (abstract)
Comer, J. S., Furr, J. M., Cooper-Vince, C., Madigan, R. J., Chow, C., Chan, P. T., Idrobo, F., Chase, R. M., McNeil, C. B., & Eyberg, S. M. (2015)
Use and feasibility of telemedicine technology in the dissemination of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (abstract)
Funderburk, B. W., Ware, L. M., Altshuler, E., & Chaffin, M. (2008)
Group Implementation
Brief, group-based parent-child interaction therapy: Examination of treatment attrition, non-adherence, and non-response (abstract)
Blair, K., Topitzes, J., & Mersky, J. P. (2019).
Effectiveness of group format Parent-Child Interaction Therapy compared to treatment as usual in a community outreach organization (abstract)
Foley, K., McNeil, C. B., Norman, M., & Wallace, N. M. (2016)
Group Parent-Child Interaction Therapy: A randomized control trial for the treatment of conduct problems in young children (abstract)
Niec, L. N., Barnett, M. L., Prewett, M. S., & Shanley Chatham, J.R. (2016)
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy: The rewards and challenges of a group format (abstract)
Niec, L.N., Hemme, J.M., Yopp, J.M., & Brestan, E.V. (2005)
Training parents as therapists: A comparison between individual parent-child interaction training and parent group didactic training (abstract)
Eyberg, S. M., & Matarazzo, R. G. (1980)
Intensive PCIT
Condensing Parent Training: A Randomized Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Briefer, More Intensive Version of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (I-PCIT). (abstract)
Graziano, P. A., Ros-Demarize, R., & Hare, M. M. (2020).
Feasibility of Intensive Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (I-PCIT): Results from an open trial (abstract)
Graziano, P. A., Bagner, D. M., Slavec, J., Hungerford, G., Kent, K., Babinski, D., & Pasalich, D. (2014)
Abbreviated Adaptations
Early identification and intervention for behavior problems in primary care: A comparison of two abbreviated versions of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (abstract)
Berkovits, M. D., O'Brien, K. A., Carter, C. G., & Eyberg, S. M. (2010)
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy: One- and two-year follow-up of standard and abbreviated treatments for oppositional preschoolers (abstract)
Nixon, R. D., Sweeney, L., Erickson, D. B., & Touyz, S. W. (2004)
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy: A comparison of standard and abbreviated treatments for oppositional defiant preschoolers (abstract)
Nixon, R. D., Sweeney, L., Erickson, D. B., & Touyz, S. W. (2003)
General Adaptations
Summer Treatment Program for Preschoolers with Externalizing Behavior Problems: a Preliminary Examination of Parenting Outcomes (abstract)
Graziano, P. A., Ros, R., Hart, K. C., & Slavec, J. (2018).
Parent-child interaction therapy as a prevention model for childhood obesity: A novel application for high-risk families. (abstract)
Domoff, S. E., & Niec, L. N. (2018).
Child-Adult Relationship Enhancement in Primary Care (PriCare): A randomized trial of parent training for child behavior problems (abstract)
Schilling, S., French, B., Berkowitz, S. J. Dougherty, S. L., Scribano, P. V., & Wood, J. N. (2017)
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy with an eight-year-old child: A case study (abstract)
Stokes, J. O., Scudder, A., Costello, A. H., & McNeil, C. B. (2017)
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy and its adaptations (abstract)
Elkins, R. M., Mian, N. D., Comer, J. S., & Pincus, D. B. (2017)
A case study of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy: Flexible client-centered adaptation of an EST (abstract)
Gordon, H. M., & Cooper, L. D. (2016)
Enhancing Parent-Child Interaction Therapy with motivational interviewing techniques (abstract)
N'zi, A. M., Lucash, R. E., Clionsky, L. N., & Eyberg, S. H. (2016)
An evaluation of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy with and without motivational enhancement to reduce attrition (abstract)
Webb, H. J., Thomas, R., McGregor, L., Avdagic, E., & Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J. (2016)
The Holding Hands Project: Effectiveness in promoting positive parent-child interactions (abstract)
Rait, S. (2012)
Using Parent–Child Interaction Therapy to develop a pre-parent education module (abstract)
Lee, E. L., Wilsie, C. C., & Brestan-Knight, E. (2011)
Tailoring and adapting Parent-Child Interaction Therapy to new populations (abstract)
Eyberg, S. M. (2005)
Home-Based Intervention Articles
Home-Based vs. Clinic-Based Parent-Child Interaction Therapy: Comparative Effectiveness in the Context of Dissemination and Implementation
Fowles, T. R., Masse, J. J., McGoron, L., Beveridge, R. M., Williamson, A. A., Smith, M. A., & Parrish, B. P. (2018). Home-Based vs. Clinic-Based Parent-Child Interaction Therapy: Comparative Effectiveness in the Context of Dissemination and Implementation. Journal of Child & Family Studies, 27(4), 1115–1129. 10.1007/s10826-017-0958-3
Abstract: Disruptive child behavior disorders remain a major public health issue despite the proliferation of several strong Evidence-Based Practices (EBPs) for these children and their families. This may stem from barriers to treatment facing many families in need, particularly families with low resources. Home-based treatment may be best suited for this population; however, EBPs are not always available or tested as home-based interventions. The current study compares an intensive home-based adaptation of Parent Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) to the standard clinic-based model in the context of a statewide implementation. As part of the statewide implementation, therapists entered archival data into an online system. Data was gathered for 314 families receiving PCIT, with 181 children in clinic-based PCIT and 133 in intensive home-based PCIT. Consistent with other trials of PCIT, results of the current study indicate that both versions of the therapy were effective in reducing child-behavior problems and increasing parenting skills; however, there were marked differences in attrition. Intensive home-based participants were twice as likely to complete treatment (64.66%) compared to clinic-based participants (33.15%) despite facing more adversity. These results underscore the importance of scientifically-sound adaptations of EBPs, as well as the role of comparative effectiveness studies as a critical tool in the integrative model of intervention science.
Keywords: Disruptive behavior problems; Dissemination and implementation; Evaluation; Evidence-based practice; Home-based treatment; PCIT.
Cost-Effectiveness of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy in Clinics versus Homes: Client, Provider, Administrator, and Overall Perspectives
French, A. N., Yates, B. T., & Fowles, T. R. (2018). Cost-Effectiveness of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy in Clinics versus Homes: Client, Provider, Administrator, and Overall Perspectives. Journal of Child & Family Studies, 27(10), 3329–3344. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-021-01897-4
Abstract: Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) is effective in decreasing negative child behaviors when delivered in clinics. Emerging research suggests that delivering PCIT in client homes can produce similar outcomes … but at what cost? Home PCIT still consumes valuable client time, but only for sessions. Home PCIT could reduce barriers to continued parent participation, and costs, by not requiring clients to spend time and money traveling to and from clinics. Home PCIT also does not require that parenting skills learned in clinics be generalized to homes. We assessed and compared costs of clinic and home PCIT at individual client and program levels of specificity from client and provider perspectives for 264 children and parents (clinic = 139, home = 125). We also included an administrator perspective and a client + provider + administrator = overall perspective. Multivariate analyses of covariance applied to imputed datasets found that, because significantly more sessions were held for PCIT delivered in homes than in clinics (a mean 18 versus 11 sessions, respectively), home PCIT cost significantly more from the overall perspective ($3913 versus $1821 per child receiving home versus clinic PCIT) and the provider perspective ($3326 versus $950 per child receiving home versus clinic PCIT), significantly less from the administrator perspective ($125 versus $397 per child receiving home versus clinic PCIT), and about the same from the client perspective ($352 versus $427 per child receiving home versus clinic PCIT). Cost-effectiveness ratios (CERs) calculated for individual clients were significantly better for clinic PCIT from provider and overall perspectives but not from the administrator or client perspectives
Keywords: Cost-effectiveness; Costs Effectiveness; Parent-Child Interaction Therapy; PCIT; Stakeholder perspective.
Article: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10826-018-1159-4
Home-based preventive parenting intervention for at-risk infants and their families: An open trial
Bagner, D. M., Rodríguez, G. M., Blake, C. A., & Rosa-Olivares, J. (2013). Home-based preventive parenting intervention for at-risk infants and their families: An open trial. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 20, 334-348.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility, acceptability, and initial outcome of a home-based adaptation of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for at-risk infants with externalizing behavior problems. Seven 12- to 15-month-old infants and their families were recruited at a large pediatric primary care clinic to participate in a home-based parenting intervention to prevent subsequent externalizing behavior problems. Home-based assessments were conducted at baseline, postintervention, and a 4- to 6-month follow-up. Six of the 7 (86%) families completed the intervention, and all completers reported high satisfaction with the intervention. All of the mothers demonstrated significant improvements and statistically reliable changes in their interactions with their infant, and most reported clinically significant and statistically reliable changes in infant behavior problems. The current study provides preliminary support for the use of this brief, home-based parenting intervention in addressing behavior problems as early as possible to improve access to an intervention for at-risk infants and their families. Successes and challenges with the development and implementation of this intervention are discussed along with directions for future research and clinical practice.
Keywords: PCIT; Infant Studies; Infancy; Externalizing Behavior Problems; Prevention; Parenting; Risk.
Article: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25414568/
Effectiveness of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy delivered to at-risk families in the home setting
Galanter, R., Self-Brown, S., Valente, J. R., Dorsey, S., Whitaker, D. J., Bertuglia-Haley, M., & Prieto, M. (2012). Effectiveness of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy delivered to at-risk families in the home setting. Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 34, 177-196.https://doi.org/10.1080/07317107.2012.707079
Abstract: An evaluation was conducted for 83 parent-child dyads who participated in parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) delivered in-home by community agency therapists. Data included self-report measures and therapist observations at baseline and post-treatment. Results indicated significant positive changes in child/parent behavior and parent attitudes for dyad completers. Overall, parents who completed in-home PCIT reported significantly more positive child outcomes than noncompleters and had a significantly lower risk of child abuse. Implications for implementing PCIT into community practice are discussed, including reducing barriers, in-home modifications, and model fidelity in practice with high-risk communities.
Keywords: : PCIT; Home Based Interventions; Child Abuse; Efficacy; In-Home; Parenting; Prevention.
Article: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07317107.2012.707079
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy in a community setting: Examining outcomes, attrition, and treatment setting
Lanier, P., Kohl, P. L., Benz, J., Swinger, D., Moussette, P., & Drake, B. (2011). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy in a community setting: Examining outcomes, attrition, and treatment setting. Research on Social Work Practice, 1, 689-698.https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731511406551
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) deployed in a community setting comparing in-home with the standard office-based intervention. Child behavior, parent stress, parent functioning, and attrition were examined. Using a quasi-experimental design, standardized measures at three time points were collected from parent-child dyads (n=120) with thirty-seven families completing treatment. Growth modeling analyses indicate significant improvements in child and parent outcomes in both treatment settings with more rapid improvements in parent outcomes within office-based treatment. Attrition was predicted by income and parent functioning. PCIT delivered in the community can produce measurable improvements. In-home PCIT is a feasible option but future research should consider benefits and costs. Treatment completion remains a challenge.
Keywords: PCIT; Attrition Studies; Child Welfare; Children; Community Intervention; Evidence-Based Practice; Intervention; Quantitative; Home Based Interventions.
Article: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24839378/
Efficacy of adjunct in-home coaching to improve outcomes in Parent-Child Interaction Therapy
Timmer, S. G., Zebell, N. M., Culver, M. A., & Urquiza, A. J. (2009). Efficacy of adjunct in-home coaching to improve outcomes in Parent-Child Interaction Therapy. Research on Social Work Practice, 20, 36-45.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731509332842
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to test whether increasing the exposure to coaching by adding an in-home component to clinic-delivered Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) will increase the speed of parenting skill acquisition and show greater improvements in children’s behaviors and parental stress. Methods: Seventy-three parent–child dyads participating in clinic-based PCIT are randomly assigned to an adjunct PCIT or Social Support treatment group. The sample of children is 58% male and ranges in age from 1.7 to 8.2 years. Results: Analyses show that participation in adjunct PCIT services is associated with greater use of positive verbalizations and leads to improvement on measures of parent functioning. Conclusions: The meaning of these findings with respect to change and the process of treatment is discussed.
Keywords: PCIT; Home Based Interventions; Treatment Outcomes; Adjunct Services; In-Home Services.
Article: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1049731509332842
Efficacy of in-home Parent-Child Interaction Therapy
Ware, L. M., McNeil, C. B., Masse, J., & Stevens, S. (2008). Efficacy of in-home Parent-Child Interaction Therapy. Child and Family Behavior Therapy, 30, 99-126.https://doi.org/10.1080/07317100802060302
Abstract: In recent years, there has been much discussion of the efficacy of mental health interventions for children as well as the transportation of empirically-supported treatements (ESTs) to field settings. A logical initial step in this line of research is to examine whether the efficacy of ESTs can be demonstrated in community settings such as in the home environment. The purpose of the study was to examine the efficacy of an in-home Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) program using a single-subject. A/B design across five subjects with staggered baselines. Decreases in caregiver use of negative behavior and caregiver-reported child behavior problems were observed for the three families that completed treatment. In addition, completers demonstrated increases in child compliance, caregiver use of positive behavior, and contingent praise. Data regarding caregivers' reported parenting stress and caregiver proportion of direct commands were less convincing. All three dyads completing treatment reported satisfaction with the intervention. Clinical implications regarding the possible benefits of PCIT for improving the effectiveness of home visiting programs are discussed as well as directions for future research.
Keywords: PCIT; Home-Based Interventions; General Outcome Studies.
Article: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07317100802060302
In-home Parent-Child Interaction Therapy: Clinical considerations
Masse, J. J., & McNeil, C. B. (2008). In-home Parent-Child Interaction Therapy: Clinical considerations. Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 30, 127-135.https://doi.org/10.1080/07317100802060310
Abstract: Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) is an empirically-supported behavioral parent training program designed to be administered in a clinic or laboratory-based setting. Recently, an empirical investigation revealed that in-home PCIT produced comparable results as the PCIT trials conducted in more controlled environments (this issue). Administering PCIT in a home setting carries both drawbacks and advantages. This article provides an overview of both the positive and negative clinical aspects of conducting in-home PCIT and presents effective solutions to potential treatment barriers.
Keywords: PCIT; Home Based Interventions; Clinical Modifications; In-Home Treatment Model.
Article: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07317100802060310
Telehealth Services (iPCIT) Articles
Internet‐delivered parent–child interaction therapy: Two clinical case reports
Kohlhoff, J., Wallace, N., Morgan, S., Maiuolo, M., & Turnell, A. (2019). Internet‐delivered parent–child interaction therapy: Two clinical case reports. Clinical Psychologist, 23(3), 271–282. 10.1111/cp.12184
Abstract: Background: Disruptive child behaviours can be the start of a trajectory towards poor psychological outcomes across the lifespan. Parent–child interaction therapy (PCIT) is an evidence‐based intervention designed for treating disruptive behaviours in children aged 2–7 years. The program utilises live coaching during dyadic parent–child play sessions and preliminary evidence suggests that the program can be implemented using a video‐teleconferencing format, thereby improving accessibility to families from rural and remote areas. Method: Two case studies are reported of families living in rural Australia who participated in a pilot I‐PCIT (Internet‐delivered parent–child interaction therapy) program delivered from a community‐based child treatment clinic. Results: The case studies highlight the negative impacts of early childhood behavioural issues and the efficacy of the I‐PCIT program in bringing about positive changes in child behaviour, parental skills and confidence, and the parent–child relationship. Conclusions: Results highlight the potential of I‐PCIT as a treatment option for families struggling with disruptive child behaviours living in rural and remote areas.
Keywords: case report; Disruptive behaviour disorders; Parent‐training program; Parent–child interaction therapy; Rural; Telehealth.
Article: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1111/cp.12184
Remotely Delivering Real-Time Parent Training to the Home: An Initial Randomized Trial of Internet-Delivered Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (I-PCIT)
Comer, J. S., Furr, J. M., Miguel, E. M., Carpenter, A. L., Kerns, C. E., DeSerisy, M., Myers, K. M., Cooper-Vince, C. E., Elkins, R. M., Cornacchio, D., Chou, T., Coxe, S., Sanchez, A. L., Golik, A., Martin, J., & Chase, R. (2017). Remotely Delivering Real-Time Parent Training to the Home: An Initial Randomized Trial of Internet-Delivered Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (I-PCIT). Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 85(9), 909–917. 10.1037/ccp0000230
Abstract: Objective: Remote technologies are increasingly being leveraged to expand the reach of supported care, but applications to early child-behavior problems have been limited. This is the first controlled trial examining video-teleconferencing to remotely deliver behavioral parent training to the home setting with a live therapist. Method: Racially/ethnically diverse children ages 3-5 years with disruptive behavior disorders, and their caregiver(s), using webcams and parent-worn Bluetooth earpieces, participated in a randomized trial comparing Internet-delivered parent-child interaction therapy (I-PCIT) versus standard clinic-based PCIT (N = 40). Major assessments were conducted at baseline, midtreatment, posttreatment, and 6-month follow-up. Linear regressions and hierarchical linear modeling using maximum-likelihood estimation were used to analyze treatment satisfaction, diagnoses, symptoms, functioning, and burden to parents across conditions. Results: Intent-to-treat analyses found 70% and 55% of children treated with I-PCIT and clinic-based PCIT, respectively, showed "treatment response" after treatment, and 55% and 40% of children treated with I-PCIT and clinic-based PCIT, respectively, continued to show "treatment response" at 6-month follow-up. Both treatments had significant effects on children's symptoms and burden to parents, and many effects were very large in magnitude. Most outcomes were comparable across conditions, except that the rate of posttreatment "excellent response" was significantly higher in I-PCIT than in clinic-based PCIT, and I-PC1T was associated with significantly fewer parent-perceived barriers to treatment than clinic-based PCIT. Both treatments were associated with positive engagement, treatment retention, and very high treatment satisfaction. Conclusion: Findings build on the small but growing literature supporting the promising role of new technologies for expanding the delivery of behavioral parent training.
Keywords: Telemental Health; Preschool; Conduct Problems; Parent Training; Technology.
Article: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28650194/
Adapting internet-delivered Parent-Child Interaction Therapy to treat co-occurring disruptive behavior and callous-unemotional traits: A case study
Fleming, G. E., Kimonis, E. R., Datyner, A., & Comer, J. S. (2017). Adapting internet-delivered Parent-Child Interaction Therapy to treat co-occurring disruptive behavior and callous-unemotional traits: A case study. Clinical Case Studies, 16, 1-18.https://doi.org/10.1177/1534650117699471
Abstract: Disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) are highly prevalent, emerge in early childhood, exhibit considerable stability across time, and are associated with profound disability. When DBD co-occur with callous-unemotional (CU) traits (i.e., lack of empathy/guilt), the risk of early-onset, stable, and severe disruptive behavior is even higher, relative to DBD alone. Early intervention is critical, and there is robust empirical support for the efficacy of parent management training (PMT) for reducing disruptive behavior in young children. However, broad access to these interventions is hindered by numerous systemic barriers, including geographic disparities in availability of services. To overcome these barriers and enhance access and quality of care to underserved communities, several PMT programs have been adapted to online delivery formats, including Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT). PCIT is an evidence-supported treatment that attempts to reduce disruptive child behavior by improving the parent-child relationship and implementing consistent and effective discipline strategies. Comer and colleagues proposed an online adaptation of PCIT (I-PCIT) that is delivered using video teleconferencing (VTC). I-PCIT was implemented with the family of a 5-year-old Australian boy presenting with clinically significant disruptive behavior and CU traits living in a rural community. Findings from this case report (a) document an improvement in disruptive behavior that was maintained to follow-up and (b) provide preliminary support for adapting PCIT to online delivery formats to enhance accessibility of services and improve child and parent outcomes.
Keywords: PCIT; Internet-Based PCIT (iPCIT); Model Adaptation Studies; International & Cultural Studies; Disruptive Behavior Disorders; Internet-based Treatment; Telemethods; Callous-unemotional Traits.
Article: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1534650117699471
Rationale and considerations for the internet-based delivery of Parent–Child Interaction Therapy
Comer, J. S., Furr, J. M., Cooper-Vince, C., Madigan, R. J., Chow, C., Chan, P. T., Idrobo, F., Chase, R. M., McNeil, C. B., & Eyberg, S. M. (2015). Rationale and considerations for the internet-based delivery of Parent–Child Interaction Therapy. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 22, 302-316.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2014.07.003
Abstract: Given the enormous individual, familial, and societal costs associated with early disruptive behavior disorders, transformative efforts are needed to develop innovative options for overcoming traditional barriers to effective care and for broadening the availability of supported interventions. This paper presents the rationale and key considerations for a promising innovation in the treatment of early-onset disruptive behavior disorders—that is, the development of an Internet-based format for the delivery of Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) directly to families in their own homes. Specifically, we consider traditional barriers to effective care, and discuss how technological innovations can overcome problems of treatment availability, accessibility, and acceptability. We then detail our current Internet-delivered PCIT treatment program (I-PCIT), which is currently being evaluated across multiple randomized clinical trials relative to waitlist comparison, and to traditional in-office PCIT. Embedded video clips of children treated with I-PCIT are used to illustrate novel aspects of the treatment.
Keywords: PCIT; Internet-Based; iPCIT; Availability; Home-based; Traditional Barriers; Video; Disruptive Behavior Disorders.
Article: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S107772291400100X?via%3Dihub
Use and feasibility of telemedicine technology in the dissemination of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy
Funderburk, B. W., Ware, L. M., Altshuler, E., & Chaffin, M. (2008). Use and feasibility of telemedicine technology in the dissemination of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy. Child Maltreatment, 13, 377-82.https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559508321483
Abstract: This brief report discusses the use and feasibility of telemedicine technology in the dissemination of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT). PCIT is an empirically supported behavioral parent training program for reducing disruptive behavior in young children and for reducing future rates of child physical abuse. The positive impact PCIT has demonstrated in reducing child maltreatment has galvanized interest in widespread dissemination of the PCIT model into child service systems. PCIT has traditionally been taught in university-based training programs in a mentored cotherapy model. By contrast, in field settings, PCIT training typically consists of workshop training supplemented by a period of telephone consultation (PC). Given concerns with the level of practitioner competency and fidelity yielded by the PC model, PCIT training programs have begun to examine Internet-based telemedicine technology to deliver live, mentored PCIT training to trainees at remote locations (Remote Real-Time or RRT) to better approximate the university-based training model. Challenges of disseminating evidence-based practices are discussed, using PCIT as a model of how these challenges are being addressed by telemedicine technology.
Keywords: PCIT; Model Adaptation Studies; Dissemination; Telemedicine; Training.
Article: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1077559508321483
Group Implementation Articles
Brief, group-based parent-child interaction therapy: Examination of treatment attrition, non-adherence, and non-response
Blair, K., Topitzes, J., & Mersky, J. P. (2019). Brief, group-based parent-child interaction therapy: Examination of treatment attrition, non-adherence, and non-response. Children & Youth Services Review, 106, N.PAG. 10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.104463
Abstract: : Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) has been shown to reduce challenging child behavior and improve parenting skills, yet treatment attrition, non-adherence and non-response remain matters of concern. This study analyzes rates and factors associated with attrition, non-adherence, and non-response using data from a randomized controlled trial of foster parent-child dyads who received brief, group-based PCIT. Multivariate logistic regressions demonstrated that, as compared to prior estimates of conventional outpatient PCIT, rates of treatment attrition, non-adherence and non-response from the group-based PCIT intervention were low. Compared to other racial/ethnic groups, rates of attrition were significantly higher among African American foster parents. No study variables were linked to treatment non-adherence. Foster parent ratings of child externalizing symptoms were positively associated with non-response. Implications for promoting retention and treatment effectiveness, successfully integrating PCIT into child welfare services and advancing future research are discussed.
Keywords: Attrition; Child welfare; Non-adherence; Parent-child interaction therapy; Project connect; Treatment non-response.
Article: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0190740919305900
Effectiveness of group format Parent-Child Interaction Therapy compared to treatment as usual in a community outreach organization
Foley, K., McNeil, C. B., Norman, M., & Wallace, N. M. (2016). Effectiveness of group format Parent-Child Interaction Therapy compared to treatment as usual in a community outreach organization. Child and Family Behavior Therapy, 38, 279-298.https://doi.org/10.1080/07317107.2016.1238688
Abstract: : Forty-four participants recruited from a community outreach organization were assigned to receive either group format Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) or group format treatment as usual (TAU). The expected interaction between time and condition was such that participants in the PCIT group experienced a significantly greater decrease in internalizing and externalizing behavior problems compared to participants in the TAU group. This interaction was not significant regarding parenting stress or child abuse potential between the PCIT and TAU conditions. There was a significant increase in positive caregiver skills from pretreatment to posttreatment for the PCIT group; however, there was not a significant decrease in caregiver negative talk.
Keywords: PCIT; General Outcome Studies; Child Behavior Problems; Effectiveness Research; Evidence-based Treatment; Parent Training.
Article: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07317107.2016.1238688
Group Parent-Child Interaction Therapy: A randomized control trial for the treatment of conduct problems in young children
Niec, L. N., Barnett, M. L., Prewett, M. S., & Shanley Chatham, J.R. (2016). Group Parent-Child Interaction Therapy: A