Trauma-Informed Behavioral Parenting for Early Intervention. (abstract)
Agazzi, H., Adams, C., Ferron, E., Ferron, J., Shaffer-Hudkins, E., & Salloum, A. (2019).
Treatments for Early Childhood Trauma: Decision Considerations for Clinicians (abstract)
Vanderzee, K. L., Sigel, B. A., Pemberton, J. R., & John, S. G. (2019)
Pre-Conception War Exposure and Mother and Child Adjustment 4 Years Later (abstract)
Shachar-Dadon, A., Leshem, M., Gueron-Sela, N., Weintraub, Z., & Maayan-Metzger, A. (2017).
Translating evidence-based treatments into child welfare services through community-university partnerships: A case example of parent-child interaction therapy (abstract)
Mersky, J. P., Topitzes, J., & Blair, K. (2017).
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for sexual concerns of maltreated children: A preliminary investigation (abstract)
Allen, B., Timmer, S. G., & Urquiza, A. J. (2016)
Preventing maltreatment with a community-based implementation of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (abstract)
Lanier, P., Kohl, P. L., Benz, J., Swinger, D., & Drake, B. (2014)
Disseminating child maltreatment interventions: Research on implementing evidence-based programs (abstract)
Self-Brown, S., Whitaker, D., Berliner, L., & Kolko, D. (2012)
Parent–Child Interaction Therapy: An evidence-based treatment for child maltreatment (abstract)
Thomas, R., &Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J.(2012)
A combined motivation and Parent-Child Interaction Therapy package reduces child welfare recidivism in a randomized dismantling field trial (abstract)
Chaffin, M., Funderburk, B., Bard, D., Valle, L. A., & Gurwitch, R. (2011)
Change trajectories for parent-child interaction sequences during Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for child physical abuse (abstract)
Hakman, M., Chaffin, M., Funderburk, B., Silovsky, J. F. (2009)
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy: Application to maltreating parent-child dyads (abstract)
Timmer, S. G., Urquiza, A. J., Zebell, N. M., & McGrath, J. M. (2005)
Theoretical and empirical underpinnings of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy with child physical abuse populations (abstract)
Herschell, A.D., & McNeil, C.B. (2005)
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy with physically abusive parents: Efficacy for reducing future abuse reports (abstract)
Chaffin, M., Silovsky, J. F., Funderburk, B., Valle, L. A., Brestan, E. V., Balachova, T., Jackson, S., Lensgraf, J., & Bonner, B. L. (2004)
Physically abusive mothers' responses following episodes of child noncompliance and compliance (abstract)
Borrego, J., Timmer, S. G., Urquiza, A. J., & Follette, W. C. (2004)
Clinical issues in Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (abstract)
Herschell, A. D., Calzada, E. J., Eyberg, S. M., & McNeil, C. B. (2002)
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy with a family at high risk for physical abuse (abstract)
Borrego, J., Urquiza A. J., Rasmussen R. A. & Zebell, N. (1999)
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy: An intensive dyadic intervention for physically abusive families (abstract)
Urquiza, A. J., & McNeil, C. B. (1996)
Domestic Violence Articles
Feasibility and effectiveness of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy with victims of domestic violence: A pilot study (abstract)
Herschell, A. D., Scudder, A. B., Schaffner, K. F., & Slagel, L. A. (2017)
A domestic violence shelter parent training program for mothers with young children (abstract)
Keeshin, B. R., Oxman, A., Schindler, S., & Campbell, K. A. (2015)
The effectiveness of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for victims of interparental violence (abstract)
Timmer, S. G., Ware, L. M., Urquiza, A. J., & Zebell, N. M. (2010)
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy with domestic violence populations (abstract)
Borrego, J., Gutow, M., Reicher, S., & Barker, C. (2008)
Child-Adult Relationship Enhancement Article
Child-Adult Relationship Enhancement (CARE): An evidence-informed program for children with a history of trauma and other behavioral challenges (abstract)
Gurwitch, R. H., Messer, E. P., Masse, J., Olafson, E., Boat, B. W., & Putnam, F. W. (2016)
Child Maltreatment Articles
Trauma-Informed Behavioral Parenting for Early Intervention.
Agazzi, H., Adams, C., Ferron, E., Ferron, J., Shaffer-Hudkins, E., & Salloum, A. (2019). Trauma-Informed Behavioral Parenting for Early Intervention. Journal of Child & Family Studies, 28(8), 2172–2186. 10.1007/s10826-019-01435-3
Abstract: Objectives: Training in trauma-informed early intervention programs is greatly needed for Part C early intervention providers (EIs). This study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and initial outcomes of Trauma-Informed Behavioral Parenting (TIBP; subsequently renamed Smart Start), an early intervention program designed to meet the social–emotional needs of toddlers enrolled in Part C services. Methods: This pilot study consisted of training and supervising 5 EIs to implement TIBP with 8 parent–child dyads as part of their Part C services. Preliminary changes in child behavior problems, trauma exposures, parenting stress, and parenting skills were evaluated quantitively. EIs completed treatment integrity measures. Focus groups provided data regarding the feasibility of implementation and caregiver attitudes about TIBP. Results: Significant reductions in child trauma symptoms on both the YCPC-PTSD (S = 11.5, p = 0.0586, rMPRB = 0.64) and YCPC-FI (S = 11.5, p = 0.0586, rMPRB = 0.53) were indicated. No significant changes in externalizing behaviors were observed. Caregivers demonstrated improved use of positive verbal reinforcement and verbal reflections, and reported improvements on parent–child dysfunctional interactions on the PSI-SF (S = 16, p = 0.0117, rMPRB = 0.89). All focus group participants reported benefits from participating in TIBP. EIs demonstrated high adherence to treatment protocol and identified TIBP as a feasible program to implement within Part C services. Conclusions: This study showed promising results as a means to disseminate evidence-based practices into a community-level program to address the social–emotional needs of toddlers. The need for additional, large sample research was highlighted.
Keywords: Early intervention; Hot Docs; Parent-Child Interaction Therapy; Toddlers; Trauma-informed care.
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Treatments for Early Childhood Trauma: Decision Considerations for Clinicians
Vanderzee, K. L., Sigel, B. A., Pemberton, J. R., & John, S. G. (2019). Treatments for Early Childhood Trauma: Decision Considerations for Clinicians. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma, 12(4), 515–528. 10.1007/s40653-018-0244-6
Abstract: The period from birth to age six represents a time of significant risk for exposure to trauma. Following trauma exposure, children may experience significant negative and lasting psychological, cognitive, and physical effects. Over the last two decades, the demand for and availability of evidence-based treatments (EBTs) for children under the age of six who have experienced trauma has dramatically increased. Three of the most well-supported and widely disseminated EBTs for early childhood trauma are Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Parent-Child Interaction Therapy, and Child-Parent Psychotherapy. Increasingly, clinicians are receiving training in more than one EBT. This paper provides an overview of each intervention; presents clinicians with various child, caregiver, and environmental factors to consider when deciding amongst these three EBTs; and applies these considerations to three composite cases.
Keywords: Early childhood trauma; Intervention; Preschoolers; Toddlers.
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Article: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32318220/
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Pre-Conception War Exposure and Mother and Child Adjustment 4 Years Later
Shachar-Dadon, A., Leshem, M., Gueron-Sela, N., Weintraub, Z., & Maayan-Metzger, A. (2017). Pre-Conception War Exposure and Mother and Child Adjustment 4 Years Later. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 45(1), 131–142. 10.1007/s10802-016-0153-9
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Abstract: Evidence is accumulating for the transgenerational effects of maternal stress on offspring. A particular increasing concern is the possible transgenerational effects of community exposure to war and terror. Here, 107 mothers that had been exposed to war, were assessed with their 3 year old children (52 % girls) who had been conceived after the end of the war, and thus never directly exposed to war. The circumscribed nature (missile bombardment) and temporal limits (34 days) of the tragic 2006 Lebanon war in the north of Israel, affords a unique methodological opportunity to isolate an epoch of stress from preceding and subsequent normal life. We find that war experience engenders higher levels of mothers' separation anxiety, lower emotional availability in mother-child interaction, and lower levels of children's adaptive behavior. The novelty of these findings lies in documenting the nature and strength of transgenerational effects of war-related stress on offspring that were never exposed. In addition, because these effects were obtained after 4 years of a continuing period of normality, in which the children were born and raised, it suggests that an extended period of normality does not obliterate the effects of the war on mother and child behavior as assessed herein. Despite the study limitations, the results are indicative of persisting transgenerational effects of stress.
Keywords: Transgenerational effects; Maternal stress; Pre-conception stress; War; Maternal separation anxiety; Emotional availability; Parent-child interaction; Child adaptive behavior.
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Article: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27081009/
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Translating evidence-based treatments into child welfare services through community-university partnerships: A case example of parent-child interaction therapy
Mersky, J. P., Topitzes, J., & Blair, K. (2017). Translating evidence-based treatments into child welfare services through community-university partnerships: A case example of parent-child interaction therapy. Children & Youth Services Review, 82, 427–433.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.10.002
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Abstract: Children served by the child welfare system count among society's most vulnerable members given their history of abuse, neglect, and other potentially traumatic experiences. Once they enter the system, however, these children seldom receive empirically validated interventions to mitigate the effects of trauma. This article highlights the promise of parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT), an evidence-based treatment (EBT) for trauma-exposed children in the child welfare system. Barriers to implementing PCIT and other EBTs in child welfare are discussed along with ways that community-university partnerships can help to navigate these barriers. Preliminary supporting evidence from a community-university partnership in Wisconsin is presented, followed by a set of recommendations for future work aimed at translating science into practice.
Keywords: Child welfare; Trauma; Treatment; Community-university partnership; Translational research; Parent-child interaction therapy.
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Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for sexual concerns of maltreated children: A preliminary investigation
Allen, B., Timmer, S. G., & Urquiza, A. J. (2016). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for sexual concerns of maltreated children: A preliminary investigation. Child Abuse & Neglect, 56, 80-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.04.008
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Abstract: The current study examines whether an evidence-based treatment for externalizing behavior problems may reduce sexual concerns among children with maltreatment histories. An archival analysis identified 44 children between the ages of 3 and 8 exhibiting externalizing problems and co-morbid sexual concerns who were treated using Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT). A second group of children receiving PCIT for externalizing behaviors without sexual concerns was included for comparison purposes (n=143). Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Tests indicated significant improvement among the group with sexual concerns, with 63.6% of children no longer displaying clinically significant sexual concerns at post-treatment. In addition, these children showed a decline in general externalizing problems comparable to that observed among the group of children receiving PCIT and not displaying sexual concerns. Lastly, logistic regression analyses showed that pre-treatment posttraumatic stress scores did not moderate improvement of sexual concerns, suggesting that posttraumatic stress-related sexual concerns may improve from PCIT treatment. These findings suggest that evidence-based parent training interventions, specifically PCIT, may successfully reduce sexual concerns among children who experienced maltreatment.
Keywords: PCIT; Child Maltreatment; Sexual Behavior; Sexual Concerns; Externalizing Problems ;Sexual Abuse; Post-traumatic Stress.
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Article: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0145213416300643?via%3Dihub
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Preventing maltreatment with a community-based implementation of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy
Lanier, P., Kohl, P. L., Benz, J., Swinger, D., & Drake, B. (2014). Preventing maltreatment with a community-based implementation of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy. Journal of Child & Family Studies, 23, 449-460. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-012-9708-8
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine rates of child abuse and neglect reports following a community implementation of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), an evidence-supported intervention for the prevention of maltreatment. Among a group of families receiving PCIT, predictors of reports were examined including family demographics, course of treatment, changes in clinical measures, and caregiver report for prior maltreatment victimization and perpetration. Participants (n=120) included families at-risk for future maltreatment with and without prior maltreatment history. Agency case records were linked with state administrative records of child welfare reports. Time to follow-up ranged from 13-40 months. Bivariate and multivariate survival analyses are used to model risk for a later report. During the follow-up period, 12.5% of families had a report for physical abuse or neglect. Reports of prior victimization as a child and prior perpetration as an adult were strong predictors of a report of perpetration after PCIT. Dosage of PCIT and change in clinical measures did not increase risk for a later report. PCIT can be an effective intervention for preventing maltreatment. Family history of child welfare involvement is a prominent factor in assessing risk for future involvement.
Keywords: PCIT; Child Maltreatment; Prevention; Child Behavior; Follow-up Studies
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Article: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10826-012-9708-8
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Disseminating child maltreatment interventions: Research on implementing evidence-based programs
Self-Brown, S., Whitaker, D., Berliner, L., & Kolko, D. (2012). Disseminating child maltreatment interventions: Research on implementing evidence-based programs. Child Maltreatment, 17, 5-10. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559511436211
Abstract: Evidence-based practices (EBPs) have the promise to reduce child maltreatment andimprove the lives of countless families and children, but effective implementation entailsmany challenges. Efficacious interventions now exist for parents at risk for or who haveperpetrated maltreatment (i.e., Chaffin et al., 2004; Chaffin, Hecht, Bard, Silovsky, &Beasley, in press; Kolko, Iselin, & Gully, 2011; Prinz, Sanders, Shapiro, Whitaker, &Lutzker 2009; Webster-Stratton, 2010) and for youth victimized by maltreatment (Cohen,Mannarino, Berliner, & Deblinger, 2000; Deblinger & Heflin, 1996). Despite thedevelopment of such programs, many families involved in the child welfare and foster caresystems are not provided interventions or services with strong empirical support (Barth etal., 2005; Hurlburt, Barth, Leslie, Landsverk, & McCrae. 2007). For example, whileparenting interventions are virtually de rigueur on service plans, extant parenting servicesoften consist of didactic classroom-centered parent training or mix systems therapy and casemanagement that bear little resemblance to the evidence-based parent behavior managementprograms that are proven effective (Barth et al., 2005; Casanueva, Martin, Runyan, Barth, &Bradley, 2007).
Keywords: PCIT; Child Maltreatment; Dissemination; Implementation; Evidence-based Child Maltreatment Programs
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Article: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1077559511436211
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Parent–Child Interaction Therapy: An Evidence-Based Treatment for Child Maltreatment
Thomas, R., &Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J.(2012). Parent–Child Interaction Therapy: An evidence-based treatment for child maltreatment. Child Maltreatment, 17, 253-266.https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559512459555
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Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine rates of child abuse and neglect reports following a community implementation of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), an evidence-supported intervention for the prevention of maltreatment. Among a group of families receiving PCIT, predictors of reports were examined including family demographics, course of treatment, changes in clinical measures, and caregiver report for prior maltreatment victimization and perpetration. Participants (n=120) included families at-risk for future maltreatment with and without prior maltreatment history. Agency case records were linked with state administrative records of child welfare reports. Time to follow-up ranged from 13-40 months. Bivariate and multivariate survival analyses are used to model risk for a later report. During the follow-up period, 12.5% of families had a report for physical abuse or neglect. Reports of prior victimization as a child and prior perpetration as an adult were strong predictors of a report of perpetration after PCIT. Dosage of PCIT and change in clinical measures did not increase risk for a later report. PCIT can be an effective intervention for preventing maltreatment. Family history of child welfare involvement is a prominent factor in assessing risk for future involvement.
Keywords: PCIT; Child Maltreatment; Prevention; Child Behavior; Follow-up Studies
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Article: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10826-012-9708-8
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A combined motivation and Parent-Child Interaction Therapy package reduces child welfare recidivism in a randomized dismantling field trial
Chaffin, M., Funderburk, B., Bard, D., Valle, L. A., & Gurwitch, R. (2011). A combined motivation and Parent-Child Interaction Therapy package reduces child welfare recidivism in a randomized dismantling field trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 79, 84-95.https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021227
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Abstract: A package of parent– child interaction therapy (PCIT) combined with a self-motivational (SM) orientation previously was found in a laboratory trial to reduce child abuse recidivism compared with services as usual (SAU). Objectives of the present study were to test effectiveness in a field agency rather than in a laboratory setting and to dismantle the SM versus SAU orientation and PCIT versus SAU parenting component effects. Method: Participants were 192 parents in child welfare with an average of 6 prior referrals and most with all of their children removed. Following a 2 2 sequentially randomized experimental design, parents were randomized first to orientation condition (SM vs. SAU) and then subsequently randomized to a parenting condition (PCIT vs. SAU). Cases were followed for child welfare recidivism for a median of 904 days. An imputation-based approach was used to estimate recidivism survival complicated by significant treatment-related differences in timing and frequency of children returned home. Results: A significant orientation condition by parenting condition interaction favoring the SM PCIT combination was found for reducing future child welfare reports, and this effect was stronger when children were returned to the home sooner rather than later. Conclusions: Findings demonstrate that previous laboratory results can be replicated in a field implementation setting and among parents with chronic and severe child welfare histories, supporting a synergistic SM PCIT benefit. Methodological considerations for analyzing child welfare event history data complicated by differential risk deprivation are also emphasized.
Keywords: PCIT; Child Maltreatment; Parenting; Child Abuse; Child Neglect.
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Article: https://doi.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Fa0021227
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Change trajectories for parent-child interaction sequences during Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for child physical abuse
Hakman, M., Chaffin, M., Funderburk, B., Silovsky, J. F. (2009). Change trajectories for parent-child interaction sequences during Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for child physical abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 33, 461-470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.08.003
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Abstract: Parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) has been found to reduce future child abuse reports among physically abusive parents. Reductions in observed negative parenting behaviors mediated this benefit. The current study examined session-by-session interaction sequences in order to identify when during treatment these changes occur and how much the trajectory varies from case-to-case.
Keywords: PCIT; Child Maltreatment; physical abuse; treatment; parent-child interactions; Dyadic Parent Child Interaction Coding System.
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Article: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0145213409001379?via%3Dihub
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Parent-Child Interaction Therapy: Application to maltreating parent-child dyads
Timmer, S. G., Urquiza, A. J., Zebell, N. M., & McGrath, J. M. (2005). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy: Application to maltreating parent-child dyads. Child Abuse & Neglect, 29, 825-847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2005.01.003
Abstract: Objective: Parent-Child Interaction Training (PCIT), which uses a social learning framework, is a dyadic intervention that is designed to alter specific patterns of interaction found in parent-child relationships. Previous research suggests that maladaptive and high-risk characteristics found in maltreating parent-child dyads may be responsive to PCIT. The primary focus of this study is to examine the effectiveness of PCIT with maltreating parent-child dyads.
Methodology: This study describes the effectiveness of PCIT with 136 biological parent-child dyads in which 66.9% (N= 91) of the children had been maltreated. Of the 91 maltreated children, 64.8% (N= 59) of the parents had maltreated their children, and were thus considered to be at high risk of repeating the abuse.
Results: Primary outcomes of this study show the following: (1) a decrease in child behavior problems, (2) a decrease in parental stress, and (3) a decrease in abuse risk from pre- to post-treatment for dyads with and without a history of maltreatment.
Conclusions: Our results add to the body of research supporting PCIT as a promising intervention and as a means to aid both children and parents in high-risk families for maltreatment.
Keywords: PCIT; Child Maltreatment; Parent-Child interaction; Therapy; treatment outcomes.
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Article: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0145213405001444?via%3Dihub
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Theoretical and empirical underpinnings of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy with child physical abuse populations.
Herschell, A.D., & McNeil, C.B. (2005). Theoretical and empirical underpinnings of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy with child physical abuse populations. Treatment of Children, 28, 142-162.
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Abstract: Children who experience physical abuse often suffer numerous negative short- and long-term difficulties in comparison to non-abused children. Considerable effort has been invested in developing and identifying treatment interventions to attenuate these negative outcomes. Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), originally developed for the treatment of externalizing behavior problems in children aged two to seven years, has also been used to treat child physical abuse populations. The results of emerging treatment outcome studies indicate that PCIT is a promising treatment approach for child physical abuse. This article will review the theoretical rationale for applying PCIT to physically abusive parent-child dyads as well as provide details on the clinical modification made to PCIT for this population. Emerging treatment outcome studies will be critiqued and future research directions will be highlighted.
Keywords: PCIT; Child Maltreatment; treatment; parent-child dyad.
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Parent-Child Interaction Therapy with physically abusive parents: Efficacy for reducing future abuse reports.
Chaffin, M., Silovsky, J. F., Funderburk, B., Valle, L. A., Brestan, E. V., Balachova, T., Jackson, S., Lensgraf, J., & Bonner, B. L. (2004). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy with physically abusive parents: Efficacy for reducing future abuse reports. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 500-510.https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.72.3.500
Abstract: A randomized trial was conducted to test the efficacy and sufficiency of parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) in preventing re-reports of physical abuse among abusive parents. Physically abusive parents (N=110) were randomly assigned to one of three intervention conditions: (a) PCIT, (b) PCIT plus individualized enhanced services, or (c) a standard community-based parenting group. Participants had multiple past child welfare reports, severe parent-to-child violence, low household income, and significant levels of depression, substance abuse, and antisocial behavior. At a median follow-up of 850 days, 19% of parents assigned to PCIT had a re-report for physical abuse compared with 49% of parents assigned to the standard community group. Additional enhanced services did not improve the efficacy of PCIT. The relative superiority of PCIT was mediated by greater reduction in negative parent-child interactions, consistent with the PCIT change model.
Keywords: Adult; Child; Child Abuse; Female; Forecasting; Humans; Male; Parent-Child Relations
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Article: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15279533/
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Physically abusive mothers' responses following episodes of child noncompliance and compliance.
Chaffin, M., Silovsky, J. F., Funderburk, B., Valle, L. A., Brestan, E. V., Balachova, T., Jackson, S., Lensgraf, J., & Bonner, B. L. (2004). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy with physically abusive parents: Efficacy for reducing future abuse reports. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 500-510.https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.72.3.500
Abstract: A randomized trial was conducted to test the efficacy and sufficiency of parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) in preventing re-reports of physical abuse among abusive parents. Physically abusive parents (N=110) were randomly assigned to one of three intervention conditions: (a) PCIT, (b) PCIT plus individualized enhanced services, or (c) a standard community-based parenting group. Participants had multiple past child welfare reports, severe parent-to-child violence, low household income, and significant levels of depression, substance abuse, and antisocial behavior. At a median follow-up of 850 days, 19% of parents assigned to PCIT had a re-report for physical abuse compared with 49% of parents assigned to the standard community group. Additional enhanced services did not improve the efficacy of PCIT. The relative superiority of PCIT was mediated by greater reduction in negative parent-child interactions, consistent with the PCIT change model.
Keywords: Adult; Child; Child Abuse; Female; Forecasting; Humans; Male; Parent-Child Relations
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Article: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15279533/
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Clinical issues in Parent-Child Interaction Therapy
Chaffin, M., Silovsky, J. F., Funderburk, B., Valle, L. A., Brestan, E. V., Balachova, T., Jackson, S., Lensgraf, J., & Bonner, B. L. (2004). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy with physically abusive parents: Efficacy for reducing future abuse reports. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 500-510.https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.72.3.500
Abstract: A randomized trial was conducted to test the efficacy and sufficiency of parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) in preventing re-reports of physical abuse among abusive parents. Physically abusive parents (N=110) were randomly assigned to one of three intervention conditions: (a) PCIT, (b) PCIT plus individualized enhanced services, or (c) a standard community-based parenting group. Participants had multiple past child welfare reports, severe parent-to-child violence, low household income, and significant levels of depression, substance abuse, and antisocial behavior. At a median follow-up of 850 days, 19% of parents assigned to PCIT had a re-report for physical abuse compared with 49% of parents assigned to the standard community group. Additional enhanced services did not improve the efficacy of PCIT. The relative superiority of PCIT was mediated by greater reduction in negative parent-child interactions, consistent with the PCIT change model.
Keywords: Adult; Child; Child Abuse; Female; Forecasting; Humans; Male; Parent-Child Relations
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Article: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15279533/
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Parent-Child Interaction Therapy with a family at high risk for physical abuse
Borrego, J., Urquiza A. J., Rasmussen R. A. & Zebell, N. (1999). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy with a family at high risk for physical abuse. Child Maltreatment, 4, 331-342. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559599004004006
Abstract: The use of empirically validated treatments with physically abusive and at-risk families continues to be an issue requiring further clinical and research attention. This single-case study discusses the effectiveness of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) with a mother-child dyad considered to be at high risk for physical abuse. Although PCIT is effective with different populations and in different settings, no study to date has demonstrated the effectiveness of PCIT with physically abusive families or families at risk for physical abuse. Data are presented from behavioral observations and standardized measures. Results suggest that PCIT was effective in reducing the child's behavior problems and the mother's stress. and increasing the number of positive parent-child interactions. Finally, implications for future clinical and research work on physically abusive and at-risk families are discussed.
Keywords: PCIT; Abuse; At-risk families; mother-child dyad; behavior problems.
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Article: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1077559599004004006
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Parent-Child Interaction Therapy: An intensive dyadic intervention for physically abusive families
Urquiza, A. J., & McNeil, C. B. (1996). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy: An intensive dyadic intervention for physically abusive families. Child Maltreatment, 1, 134-144. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559596001002005
Abstract: A designated priority in the field of child maltreatment is the development of empirical approaches for treating abusive families. This article describes parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT), an intervention that has been shown to be effective for helping parents manage young children with severe behavioral problems. The potential application of this treatment program to the child maltreatment field is examined by (a) providing a social learning perspective to explain the development and stability of some physically abusive parent-child relationships, (b) outlining the effectiveness of PCIT with similar populations, and (c) discussing the unique benefits that PCIT may offer the field of child maltreatment. The limitations of PCIT with physically abusive families are also discussed.
Keywords: PCIT; Child Maltreatment
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Article: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1077559596001002005
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Domestic Violence Articles
Feasibility and effectiveness of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy with victims of domestic violence: A pilot study
Herschell, A. D., Scudder, A. B., Schaffner, K. F., & Slagel, L. A. (2017). Feasibility and effectiveness of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy with victims of domestic violence: A pilot study. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26, 271-283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-016-0546-y
Abstract: Parent–Child Interaction Therapy is an evidence-based treatment for young children (aged 2.5–7 years) with externalizing behavior problems. Since its development, Parent–Child Interaction Therapy has been applied to a wide array of childhood problems and has a significant evidence base for families with histories of child physical abuse. The current study extended the existing literature by testing the effectiveness and feasibility of Parent–Child Interaction Therapy in an urban domestic violence shelter with community-based clinicians delivering the treatment. Seven clinicians implemented Parent–Child Interaction Therapy with parent–child dyads, which included 21 preschool (M= 4.57 years; SD = 1.50) children. Families completed assessments at baseline, mid-treatment, and posttreatment. Nine families completed Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (43 %). Completion of Parent–Child Interaction Therapy was associated with improved child behavior, parenting practices, and mental health symptoms. Considerations for treatment delivery and future directions are discussed.
Keywords: PCIT; Child Maltreatment; Domestic Violence; Interpersonal Violence; Aggression; Treatment Effectiveness; Dyadic Parent Child Interaction Coding System; Externalizing Disorders.
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Article: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10826-016-0546-y
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A domestic violence shelter parent training program for mothers with young children
Keeshin, B. R., Oxman, A., Schindler, S., & Campbell, K. A. (2015). A domestic violence shelter parent training program for mothers with young children. Journal of Family Violence, 30, 461-466.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-015-9698-6
Abstract: Eight mother-child dyads living at an urban domestic violence extended stay shelter participated in a parent training program modeled on the Child Directed Interaction (CDI) component of Parent Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT). The goal of this study is to report mother’s capacity to learn and practice the parenting skills taught in the model while living in the shelter environment. Labeled praises, behavioral descriptions, and reflections were coded as positive comments and criticisms, commands and questions were coded as negative comments during the first 5 min of each session. Positive comments increased from a median of five positive comments during the first session to 30 positive comments at their last session for a median increase of 17.5 positive comments between the first and last sessions. A significant decrease in the use of negative comments was also observed. Mothers demonstrated an increased capacity for using positive comments and an ability to omit negative comments during individual coaching sessions with their children. Further research on the acceptability, practicality, and efficacy of parent training programs in extended stay domestic violence shelters for mothers with young children is warranted.
Keywords: PCIT; Child Maltreatment; Child Abuse Prevention; Parent Child Interaction Therapy; Homeless; Therapy Adaptation; Child Behaviors.
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Article: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10896-015-9698-6
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The effectiveness of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for victims of interparental violence
Timmer, S. G., Ware, L. M., Urquiza, A. J., & Zebell, N. M. (2010). The effectiveness of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for victims of interparental violence. Violence and Victims, 25, 486-503.https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.25.4.486
Abstract: This study compares the effectiveness of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) in reducing behavior problems (e.g., aggression, defiance, anxiety) of 62 clinic-referred, 2- to 7-year-old, maltreated children exposed to interparental violence (IPV) with a group of similar children with no exposure to IPV (N=67). Preliminary analyses showed that IPV-exposed dyads were no more likely to terminate treatment prematurely than non IPV-exposed dyads. Results of repeated-measures MANCOVAs showed significant decreases in child behavior problems and caregivers' psychological distress from pre- to posttreatment for IPV-exposed and IPV nonexposed groups, and no significant variation by exposure to IPV. Stress in the parent role related to children's difficult behaviors and the parent-child relationship decreased from pre- to posttreatment, but parental distress did not decrease significantly over the course of PCIT. Results of an analysis testing the benefits of a full course of treatment over the first phase of treatment showed that dyads completing the full course of treatment reported significantly greater improvements in children's behavior problems than those receiving only the first phase of treatment.
Keywords: PCIT; Child Maltreatment; Clinical Disorders; Externalizing Disorders; Internalizing Disorders; Interparental Violence; Treatment Outcomes.
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Article: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20712147/
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Parent-Child Interaction Therapy with domestic violence populations
Borrego, J., Gutow, M., Reicher, S., & Barker, C. (2008). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy with domestic violence populations. Journal of Family Violence, 23, 495-505. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-008-9177-4
Abstract: Domestic violence continues to be a significant social problem impacting our society. Battered women and their children experience a myriad of negative consequences as a result of domestic violence. Of the possible negative sequelae that mothers and children experience, the disrupted parent-child relationship has received relatively little attention in the literature. Though psychosocial interventions are available to treat women who experience violence and children who witness violence, few interventions focus on the parent-child relationship. This article describes parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) has unique characteristics that make it a promising intervention with this population. A rationale for the use of PCIT with battered women and their child is presented.
Keywords: PCIT; Parental Factors; Domestic Violence; Parent-Child Relationships.
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Article: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10896-008-9177-4
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Child-Adult Relationship Enhancement
Child-Adult Relationship Enhancement (CARE): An evidence-informed program for children with a history of trauma and other behavioral challenges
Gurwitch, R. H., Messer, E. P., Masse, J., Olafson, E., Boat, B. W., & Putnam, F. W. (2016). Child-Adult Relationship Enhancement (CARE): An evidence-informed program for children with a history of trauma and other behavioral challenges. Child Abuse & Neglect, 53, 138-45.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.10.016
Abstract: Child maltreatment impacts approximately two million children each year, with physical abuse and neglect the most common form of maltreatment. These children are at risk for mental and physical health concerns and the ability to form positive social relationships is also adversely affected. Child Adult Relationship Enhancement (CARE) is a set of skills designed to improve interactions of any adult and child or adolescent. Based on parent training programs, including the strong evidence-based treatment, Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), CARE was initially developed to fill an important gap in mental health services for children of any age who are considered at-risk for maltreatment or other problems. CARE subsequently has been extended for use by adults who interact with children and youth outside of existing mental health therapeutic services as well as to compliment other services the child or adolescent may be receiving. Developed through discussions with Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) therapists and requests for a training similar to PCIT for the non-mental health professional, CARE is not therapy, but is comprised of a set of skills that can support other services provided to families. Since 2006, over 2000 caregivers, mental health, child welfare, educators, and other professionals have received CARE training with a focus on children who are exposed to trauma and maltreatment. This article presents implementation successes and challenges of a trauma-informed training designed to help adults connect and enhance their relationships with children considered at-risk.
Keywords: PCIT; Child-Adult Relationship Enhancement (CARE); Evidence-Informed; Parent-Child Interaction Therapy; Child Maltreatment; Child Behavior Problems; Implementation; Dissemination.
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Article: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26613674/
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